风云气象卫星天气应用回顾和展望

 近50年来，我国风云气象卫星从无到有、从弱到强，迄今为止已成功发射19颗风云系列气象卫星，现有8颗在轨运行，形成极轨、静止2个系列化、业务化的综合观测网。伴随着卫星所搭载仪器载荷的升级和观测能力的提升，风云气象卫星在天气监测方法和技术也实现了稳步发展。回顾了风云气象卫星和卫星气象学的发展，综述了气象卫星在天气应用方面的发展历程，特别是更新换代的变化在天气应用中的进展。围绕未来需求和风云卫星未来技术发展方向，展望了卫星天气应用的前景和发展趋势。     

冬季西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置异常与热带对流异常的关系

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、射出长波辐射(OLR)资料,国家气候中心提供的1979~2008年1月西太副高脊线指数和逐日降水资料,对1月西太副高脊线位置与热带对流异常的关系进行了分析。结果表明,1月西太副高脊线位置与南海及菲律宾以东地区OLR场存在显著的负相关关系。进一步研究发现,副高脊线的南北位置异常是由于南海及菲律宾以东地区对流偏强(弱)造成这一区域出现异常的上升(下沉)运动;由于对流层高层(低层)南风距平的作用,在我国东南部的下沉运动增强(减弱);同时,在对流层的低(高)层出现了异常北风,从而构成了一个向北(南)的经向环流,有利于副高脊线的北抬(南退)。这种对流异常是造成2008年初我国南方超过1/3区域出现了50年一遇的低温、雨雪、冰冻灾害的间接原因之一。     

热带地区几个珍贵树种干形曲线研究

准确描述热带珍贵树种的林木干形变化,可为预估各材种数量、蓄积量及合理造材提供支撑。以热带格木、红锥和柚木3个珍贵树种,共120株解析木为研究对象,利用简单削度方程、分段削度方程和可变指数削度方程分别构建格木、红锥和柚木3个热带树种的干形曲线方程,通过相关指数、剩余残差平方和、平均残差、残差方差和均方误差统计量比较分析,找出最佳削度模型作为3个树种最终的干形曲线方程,并对各曲线变化趋势进行了初步的定量分析。结果表明,所选的3类典型基础模型对每个树种的预估效果都很好,其中基于双因素自动优选法拟合且以分段削度方程构建的干形曲线预估效果最好。3个树种的干形曲线变化趋势表明:相对高在(0~0.8)时,柚木干形变化最大,红锥干形变化最小,格木干形介于二者之间;当相对高0.8时,红锥干形变化最大,格木和柚木干形变化几乎相同。因此,基于双因素自动优选法拟合的分段削度方程可作为3种热带树种的干形曲线方程,用于3种珍贵树种活立木蓄积量和材种数量的估计,以及指导合理造材。     

基于浙江省台风灾害保险数据的农村住房易损性评价

利用浙江省农业政策性保险试点项目中的农村住房保险及理赔数据,定量分析了浙江省2007年圣帕、韦帕及罗莎3场台风灾害期间农村住房投保金额、赔付金额、保额损失率的分县汇总数据,以及与这3场台风的极大风速、过程降水量等致灾因子强度的定量关系.研究发现,浙江省农村住房的台风灾害保险金额损失率,其对数与过程降雨量有着很好的线性相关关系.依据这一关系,建立了浙江省农村住房台风易损性方程并给出相关参数.     

Forced response of atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium simulated by a climate system model

Variations in global atmospheric oscillations during the last millennium are simulated using the climate system model FGOALS_gl. The model was driven by reconstructions of both natural forcing (solar variability and volcanic aerosol) and anthropogenic forcing (greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosol). The model results are compared against proxy reconstruction data. The reconstructed North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) was out of phase with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) in the last millennium. During the ...     

Sea surface temperature east of Australia： A predictor of tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific？

The relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) east of Australia and tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific (WNPTCF) is analyzed by use of observation data.The WNPTCF from June to October is correlated negatively to spring SST east of Australia.When the spring SST is in the positive phase,a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the upper troposphere and an anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the lower troposphere prevail over the western North Pacific from June to October,concurrent with an anomalous atmospheric subsidence and an enlarged vertical zonal wind shear.These conditions are unfavorable for tropical cyclone genesis,and thus WNPTCF decreases.The negative phase of the spring SST east of Australia leads to more tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific.The spring SST east of Australia may give rise to simultaneous change in tropical atmospheric circulation via the teleconnection wave train,and then subsequently affect atmospheric circulation variation over the western North Pacific.     

热带太平洋海平面年际和年代际变化研究进展

回顾热带太平洋对海平面长期趋势有重要影响的海平面年际和年代际变化的相关研究,总结包括近期提出的中部型厄尔尼诺在内的2种类型厄尔尼诺对热带太平洋海平面年际变化的影响,揭示了热带太平洋海平面年代际变化与信风年代际变化之间的紧密联系。指出赤道信风的增强对近期热带太平洋海平面变化格局的形成有决定性作用,厄尔尼诺强度的减弱对这种格局有贡献,而拉尼娜的影响有待深入研究。研究资料的局限性导致年代际变化的定量研究成果较少,在研究海平面年际和年代际变化时应用的热通量评估模型有待改进。     

煤矿螺杆压风机自控系统设计

结合实际工作,重点探讨了煤矿螺杆压风机自控系统的设计问题,包括系统组成、上位机功能、数据采集与管理、控制系统的抗干扰措施等.     

New and little‐known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea,Tunicata) from Australia (Part 3)

The majority of the 58 species discussed, including 10 new species, were collected by scuba divers at 5–10?m in waters around Australia. Species are from Leptoclinides (11), Polysyncraton (11), Didemnum (19), Trididemnum (7), Lissoclinum (8), Clitella (1), and Diplosoma (1), and new species are in all except Trididemnum and Diplosoma. Additional characters (including a pyloric vesicle reported previously in the Holozoidae and several unrelated didemnid taxa) have been detected for the monotypic genus Clitella Kott, , which is recorded for only the second time. A review of known Australian ascidian species confirms the Didemnidae as the most speciose ascidian family in these waters. In this family, there appears not to be appreciable gene flow between tropical and temperate waters and few species have a continuous tropical–temperate range. A preponderance of Western Pacific non‐indigenous species is in the north, while indigenous species, some probably isolated from related tropical ones, are dominant in the temperate waters of the southern half of the continent. Although intraspecific variation and convergence obscures species differences, some aspects of the living organisms detected in in situ photographs contribute to identification. Keys to Australian didemnid species described since the publication of the Australian Ascidiacea part 4, Didemnidae (Kott ) are included.     

The persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains

The tropical heating and transient activity features during the period of the persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains are studied, and a possible mechanism responsible for formation and maintenance of persistent anomalies is proposed. The mechanism can be summarized as a kind of self-sustaining through a two-way interaction of stationary wave with transient eddies under the consistent forcing of abnormal heating in the tropics.